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TOK Talk

TOK Talk

​AN ORIGINAL PODCAST FOR TEACHERS, STUDENTS AND OTHER CURIOUS PEOPLE

Finite Resources, Relentless drive

10/25/2024

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TOK Talk · Finite Resources, Relentless Drive
2025 TOK Essay Title 3: How can we reconcile the relentless drive to pursue knowledge with the finite resources we have available? Discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge
Guest: Kevin Hoye
Sounds: Hong Kong Birds and Traffic in the morning

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Fragile & Revered Knowledge

10/25/2024

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TOK Talk · Fragile & Revered Knowledge
2025 TOK Essay Title 2: Is our most revered knowledge more fragile than we assume it to be? Discuss with reference to the arts and one other area of knowledge
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Guest: Janka van Jaarsveld
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Sounds: Sri Lankan rainforest in the morningSounds: Sri Lankan rainforest in the morning
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Sense of wonder

10/25/2024

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TOK Talk · Sense Of Wonder
2025 TOK Essay Title 6: Does acquiring knowledge destroy our sense of wonder? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge
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Guest: Bob Scheer
​Sounds: Sri Lankan rainforest at midnight

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Prompt 30. What role does imagination play in producing knowledge about the world?

2/17/2024

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TOK Talk · Role of Imagination!
This is one that I could discuss endlessly. Who doesn’t love imagination? I actually recorded this (and a few more episodes coming soon!) nearly a year ago and have been waiting for the right time. Now seems like the right time for this one, especially as we’re talking about the role of imagination in allowing us to understand and empathize with circumstances outside of our own world.

We did go down a little LOTR rabbit hole in this one, let me know if you agree with what we said! But to bring it back to TOK, we talked about imagination in arts, literature, science, history... But we also just discussed the nature of imagining - how do we all imagine differently? Is your imagination a blank canvas? An audio box? Is it a recreation of senses in your mind? How much does it infiltrate your daily narrative? What is imagination? How is it different than reasoning or brainstorming? Is reason and imagination different versions of a similar way of thinking? Is it enough that imagination plays the role of fun and entertainment in producing knowledge about the world? Does it just make things more real and more fun?

Links in relation to this talk:

  • Haruki Murakami- a Japanese Author (I absolutely love) the short story I mentioned in this talk is called ‘The Kangaroo Communique’ in the book ‘The Elephant Vanishes’.
  • “What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun.” (King James Bible, Ecclesiastes 1:9)
I really enjoyed this conversation and am immensely grateful for my guests on this (and all episodes) as well as the musicians that help me to put these together. If you’re interested in joining me, please Contact me!

Guests: Brett Fisher, Monica Wahl
Music: Hilary Ng playing in the hallway at school

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RECENT EVIDENCE

10/23/2023

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TOK Talk · 2024 TOK Essay Title 6: Recent Evidence
May 2024 TOK Essay Title 6: Are we too quick to assume that the most recent evidence is inevitably the strongest? Discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge. 

Be careful here with this title that you’re really talking about evidence and not the interpretation of evidence in the form of theories! This one is worth a listen just for how we talk about ways to approach TOK Essay Titles in general, nearer to the end.

​One more word about the arts after further consideration: recent evidence could be uncovered in the arts in many ways, for example the use of x-ray can uncover new evidence about artists’ intentions, techniques and processes. Check out the Art News article linked below

Links from our discussion: 

  • Scientific American Article about Neutrinos: Particles Found to Travel Faster Than Speed of Light - Scientific American
  • Einstein theory of relativity & the eclipse that proved his ideas: A Total Solar Eclipse 100 Years Ago Proved Einstein’s General Relativity | Science| Smithsonian Magazine
  • Infinite Monkey Cage Podcast talking about Covid Science happening in real time: The Infinite Monkey Cage - Series 25 - What have we learnt from Covid? - BBC Sounds
  • Art News article about x-rays and underpaintings Art History Is Full of Buried Treasure. Here Are 11 Stunning Images That Experts Found Hidden Beneath Famous Paintings

Guest: Rhodri George
Music: sounds recorded on the beach in Pak Lap and a random bass line from Garage Band... I really need more music! Contact me if you have any you want featured.
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2023 Essay Title 1: Replicability

10/25/2022

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TOK Talk · Replicability: 2023 TOK Essay Title 1
In this episode, I sat down with Donna Gee (IB Design Technology Teacher) and Michael Stewart (IB Psychology and TOK Teacher) to unpack and wrestle with 2023 TOK Essay Title 1: Is replicability necessary in the production of knowledge? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.

​We had a rich discussion which I hope you’ll find insightful into the role and relevance of replicability in different Areas of Knowledge. 


Links:
  • Science has been in a “replication crisis” for a decade. Have we learned anything? - Vox
  • Why Most Published Research Findings Are False | PLOS Medicine
  • There is no replication crisis in science. It's the base rate fallacy. - Big Think        
  • Statistical P-hacking explained - World Editors Forum 
  • Publication bias - Catalog of Bias (University of Oxford)
  • Accidental discovery of teflon - The History of Teflon™ Fluoropolymers
  • Maurizio Cattelan's 'Comedian,' Explained: Here's Everything We Published on the Viral Banana Art, All in One Place
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2023 Essay Title 3: Bubbles

10/24/2022

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TOK Talk · Bubbles: 2023 TOK Essay Title 3
In this episode, I talked to Ian Galley (IBDP English Language & Literature) Nicole Mamphey (Science and Applied Ethics) about TOK Essay Title 3: Does it matter if our acquisition of knowledge happens in “bubbles” where some information and voices are excluded? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge. 

​We had a rich discussion about “bubbles'' as they exist in social media networks and internet platforms as well as within academia, algorithms, and how this contributes to, enhances and distorts our bubbles. We also discussed many of the real world consequences (why it matters!) that what we’re learning may occur in these bubbles.

We discussed relevant ideas including retracted findings of psychology and vaccination studies, bubbles in comedy and how it fits with the Benign Violation Theory, perspectives and the Soldier vs. Scout Mindset by Julia Galef, Spiral of Silence Theory and the social tendency to reinforce bubbles and silences descending voices, and the Metaverse. We discuss the difference between a community and a bubble: which one is more open to other ideas? How do they overlap? 

We unpack and explore: Does it matter (to who? for what?) Does it matter to our acquisition of knowledge? Does it matter to the voices that are excluded? We challenge the notion that science is objective, and discuss how even in the sciences we want to reinforce what fits our own perspective and beliefs. We also begin to discuss voices that are excluded: silenced voices - why this matters!
Links: 

  • The Social Dilemma Netflix Movie Trailer & Website
  • So You've Been Publicly Shamed (Book by Jon Ronson) - Chapter 5 (regarding the debunking of Zimbardo’s infamous Stanford Prison Experiment, and the interview with Eshelman (the guard that admitted to faking his actions in the experiment)
  • Benign Violation Theory “integrates existing humor theories to propose that humor occurs when and only when three conditions are satisfied: (1) a situation is a violation, (2) the situation is benign, and (3) both perceptions occur simultaneously.”
  • Soldier Mindset Ted Talk by Julia Galef - Why you think you're right -- even if you're wrong
  • Spiral of Silence Theory 
  • Ready Player One (Novel by Ernest Cline) and Ready Player Movie Trailer
  • Wind River Movie Trailer
  • How to be an Antiracist a very powerful and useful book by American author and historian Ibram X. Kendi
  • An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States revisionist history book by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz       
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2023 ESSAY TITLE 4: POWER

10/20/2022

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TOK Talk · 19 Title 4 Power
In this episode, I met with Dr. PS and Janka Steinkamp (both IB English teachers to talk about Essay Title 4: Do you agree that it is “astonishing that so little knowledge can give us so much power” (Bertrand Russell)? Discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge.

I hope you find this episode as interesting as we did. If you’re looking for the TOK Essay Title Posters I mentioned, you can find them here.

“Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance” (Confucius in 500 BC)
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Links:
  • Carl Sagan's Pale Blue Dot
  • Sir Ken Robinson: Changing education paradigms  TED Talk
  • Decolonise IB: How international school alumni are mobilising to diversify the expat curriculum | by Xoài David | Medium
  • Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o: "Europe and the West must also be decolonised" | CCCB LAB
  • The Big Bang Theory S06E08 The 43 Peculiarity - Wormhole generator test
Music is courtesy of Plastic Daizi Band, just one of our warm up sessions from many moons ago.

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2023 Essay title 6: Methodologies

9/27/2022

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TOK Talk · Essay Title 6: Methodologies
Today I had a really insightful discussion with IB Theatre teacher, Alex Campion. We talked about May 2023 TOK Essay Title 6: To what extent is the knowledge we produce determined by the methodologies we use? Discuss with reference to history and one other area of knowledge.

Of course we talked about the Arts, attempting to give light to artistic methods in contrast with "the scientific method". I really enjoyed this one, and hope it leaves you thinking a little about the connection between the
way we choose to produce knowledge and the impact it has on what we know. Stay tuned for more of these Essay Title discussions in the next few weeks!
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2023 Essay Title 2: explained?

9/26/2022

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TOK Talk · TOK Essay Title 2: Explained?
Today I had a coffee with Bill Kyzner and Bob Scheer and we unpacked the 2023 May Title 2: For artists and natural scientists, which is more important: what can be explained or what cannot be explained? Discuss with reference to the arts and the natural sciences. Questions that arose included: When does one become an “artist” or “scientist”? What does it mean to “explain”? Important for the artist/scientist to do what? So many different questions and ideas came up as we talked, I hope this gives you some food for your TOK thought!

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Prompt 4: On what grounds might we doubt a claim?

8/31/2022

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TOK Talk · On What Grounds Might We Doubt A Claim?
To unravel this question, I met with Sarah Rodgers (DP Chemistry & MYP Science Teacher) & Alice Brookes (DP Bio & MYP Science Teacher). Together, we talk about a range of reasons we might doubt claims that are made about knowledge, and conversely what might make knowledge claims more trustworthy. We touch upon a variety of criteria, and discuss issues related to science, doubt in the time of Darwin when religion ran the world, the conflicting information about nutrition, as well as the current political climate in areas around the globe. It’s always fascinating to talk with people from different areas of the world, especially international teachers because we see things from both our own culture, our host culture, and sometimes a third global perspective as well. 

Are we immune from the challenge of doubting the norm? Should we really doubt everything? Should we question everything? Is breakfast really the most important meal of the day? These are important questions to consider and I hope you take some time to think about the things you take for granted and where you’ve developed “cognitive ease” around what you believe.

Cognitive Ease a 5 min youtube video summing up Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking Fast and Slow section on Cognitive Ease
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Once again, thank you Bernard Wun for music to bring us in and out of today’s discussion.

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Prompt 5: What counts as good evidence for a claim?

6/26/2022

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TOK Talk · Prompt 5 What Counts As Good Evidence For A Claim?
In this episode, I sat down with DP Design Teacher Donna Gee and DP Global Politics Teacher Bill Kyzner to discuss TOK Exhibition Prompt 5: What counts as good evidence for a claim? It really got me thinking about the significance of this question in my own personal knowledge about myself and the world, but also in a bigger sense about claims being made in today’s very heated political world. We stayed focused in this talk about evidence and claims within Design and Global Politics, but I cannot stop thinking about how perspectives play a very significant role in just how much evidence is enough to be “good” enough, and the implications this has on all kinds of knowledge communities. There really is so much more to be said about this prompt. I’m gearing up to do a reflection episode, so if you have comments or things you’d like to add, please send me a message via the contact page at www.TOKTalk.org.  

And thank you thank you thank you to Bernard Wun for his lovely guitar licks on this track!
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Do good explanations have to be true?

2/20/2021

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TOK Talk · Episode 8 - Do good explanations have to be true?
Do good explanations have to be true?
Today’s topic is a previous TOK Essay title:  “Do good explanations have to be true?” To help me explore this question, I am joined by four fellow IB & TOK Teachers: Mr. Bill Kyzner representing Political Science, Mr. Francis Wynne, representing the Classics, including Latin Language & Greek Mythology, Mr. Jordan West-Pratt representing Natural Sciences, and today I’ll be representing the Arts.

Questions we discuss in relation to Natural Sciences, Political Science, Classics and the Arts:
  • What does each discipline seek to explain? What might a “good” explanation look like (as opposed to a “bad” one)?
  • Are there some explanations in your subject that are good but not necessarily true?
  • What is the role of truth in each discipline?

Three things that stand out to me after this conversation:
  1.  I was really struck by Mr. Wynne’s example of explanations in Greek Mythology that he argues are “good” and metaphorically true, but not literally true. I like this idea of different layers and kinds of truth.
  2. Mr. West-Pratt’s distinction of the role of truth in Natural Science - that truth in philosophy of science being different than the practice of science… For a practicing scientist, there is no distinction between a good explanation and a true explanation - they are one and the same. Whereas philosophers of science are not necessarily truth seekers but model builders.
  3. I was disturbed by the idea that truth may be irrelevant in Political Sciences. However, upon reflection, I think this is very much because of our overly liberal use of the word “truth” as a word to describe one’s understanding of reality in this discussion. I do still think there is room for further exploration of the role of truth, perhaps especially as it comes to description of facts and how this then translates into interpretations in different political lenses. Certainly, there is a danger as accepting anyone’s perspective as “subjective” truth, especially in today’s political climate.

Finally, I still am left wondering about the relationship of truth to the goodness of an explanation, and how that might differ depending on the audience of the explanation - who is the explanation for? what is its’ purpose? and does that determine what makes it good rather than its truth quality? There’s still much to be considered here. A title like this one seems so simple, and yet so complex once we start to unpack it.

No matter if you’re a TOK student, teacher or knowledge enthusiast, I hope that our discussion got you thinking about the relationship of good explanations and truth in your areas of interest or expertise. Tune in again next time for the next episode of TOK Talk.

Thank you to the random street performer in Shanghai for the intro and outro music.
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Statistics conceal as much as they reveal

12/20/2020

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TOK Talk · Episode 7: Statistics Conceal as much as the Reveal
Today we delve into the world of Statistics, and unpack how it can be a tool that can both reveal and conceal. To help me with this complicated question, I’ve asked some well-informed people to help me unpack this year’s TOK Essay Title 4: “Statistics conceal as much as they reveal”
Here with me today are Ms. Zehra Baig, Statistics teacher, Mr. Martin  Brown, Mathematics teacher and Ms. Virginia Voigt, Psychology teacher. We discuss:
  • What is “Statistics”? Why is Statistics such a powerful tool (is it?)
  • How might Statistics be a tool for Revealing? Concealing? (in different areas of knowledge)
  • What are some examples of statistics that reveal or conceal in your discipline?
  • Why does it matter?

Music Credit: The Plastic Daizi Collective, 2015
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Bias in the pursuit of knowledge

12/10/2020

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TOK Talk · Episode 6: Bias - the positive roles in pursuit of knowledge
Joining me today are Dr. Rachel Oser – a Research Scientist & Teacher, Mr. David Fenwick: a Physics, Mathematics and Engineering Teacher, and Mr. Kevin Hoye, an English and fellow TOK Teacher. The prompt is this years’ essay Title 6:
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“Avoiding bias seems a commendable goal but this fails to recognize the positive role that bias can play in the pursuit of knowledge”
 

Questions we discuss:
* Why might avoiding bias be a commendable goal in the discipline you teach? What are some of the measures taken to avoid these biases in your discipline?
* The title seems to imply that it isn’t possible to avoid bias – do you agree? Are some biases therefore fundamental? In what ways?
* What positive role(s) might it play in the pursuit of knowledge in your discipline?

I really enjoyed this conversation, and I hope this gets you thinking about your own biases as well as the positive and negative roles they have in the disciplines you study.

Original music by Emily Osann
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Reason? Intuition, Faith, Imagination!

10/31/2018

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Should we as a global society value knowledge produced with reason over all other ways of knowing? In this episode, I explore a little more about the strengths and limitations of reason in contrast with intuition, faith and imagination. I’d like to give credit and thanks to the intro singer Kelsang Dorjee from Tibet with whom I had the pleasure of meeting and singing with a few years ago in Shanghai.
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    Podcast
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    Emily Osann
    TOK Coordinator 
    Teacher of TOK & Visual Arts based in Hong Kong

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